-
1 prōgressus
prōgressus ūs, m [pro+GRAD-], a going forward, advance, progress: alqm progressu arcere: progressūs et regressūs constantes (of planets).—Fig., advancement, progress, growth, increase: aetatis: primo progressu, at the outset: in studiis progressūs facere.* * *advance, progress -
2 prōgressus
-
3 progressus
1.prōgressus, a, um, Part. and P.a., from progredior.2. I.Lit.:* B. II.(Antonium) Brutus progressu arcuit,
Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 4.—Of the planets:progressus et regressus constantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 51:progressum praecipitem, inconstantem reditum videt,
id. Att. 2, 21, 3. —Trop.A.Advancement, progress, growth, increase, etc.:B.aetatis,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47: primo progressu, at the first outset, i. e. at the very commencement, id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:in studiis progressus facere,
id. Tusc. 4, 19, 44; cf.:progressus habere in Stoicis,
id. N. D. 1, 6, 15:tantum progressum facere,
Nep. Cat. 3, 2.— -
4 progressus
advance, going forward, increase, a royal circuit. -
5 progredior
prō-grĕdĭor, gressus, 3 (collat. form, acc. to the fourth conj., inf. progrediri, Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 9; imp. progredimino, id. Ps. 3, 2, 70; act. collat. form, v. infra fin.), v. dep. a. [gradior], to come or go forth, to go or march forward, go on, advance, proceed (class.; syn.: prodeo, proficiscor).I.Lit.:II.ut regredi quam progredi mallent,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33:si quo hic gradietur, pariter progrediminor,
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 70:foras,
id. Men. 1, 1, 33; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 29:pedetemptim,
Lucr. 5, 533:ex domo,
Cic. Cael. 24, 60:longius a castris,
Caes. B. G. 7, 14:in locum iniquum,
id. B. C. 1, 45:tridui viam progressi,
id. B. G. 4, 4; 5, 47; 7, 61: ad Inalpinos cum exercitu, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 4, 1:ante signa,
Liv. 7, 41:obviam alicui,
id. 7, 10 fin. —Trop.:nunc ad reliqua progrediar,
will proceed, Cic. de Or. 3, 30, 119:procedere et progredi in virtute,
id. Fin. 4, 23, 64: cum autem progrediens confirmatur animus, agnoscit ille quidem naturae vim, sed ita ut progredi possit longius, id. [p. 1461] ib. 5, 15, 43; so,longius progredi,
to go on, id. Phil. 2, 4, 9:quoad progredi potuerit feri hominis amentia,
id. ib. 11, 3, 6:videamus, quatenus amor in amicitiā progredi debeat,
id. Lael. 11, 36:divinatio conjecturā nititur, ultra quam progredi non potest,
id. Div. 1, 14, 24:progredientibus aetatibus,
id. Fin. 5, 15, 41:paulum aetate progressus,
advanced in age, become older, id. Sen. 10, 33:in adulationem progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 47:quo amentiae progressi sunt,
Liv. 28, 27:paulum aliquid ultra primas litteras progressi,
Quint. 1, 1, 8; cf.:incipientibus aut paulum progressis,
id. 11, 3, 149.—Hence, prōgressus, a, um, P. a., advanced:progressā aetate,
Suet. Claud. 2.— Comp.:ut progressior reverteretur anima,
Tert. Anim. 31:progressioris aetatis sum,
Vulg. Josh. 23, 2.— Act. collat. form, prōgrĕdĭo, īre, to go forward, etc. (ante-class.): age, move te, in navem primus progredi, Nov. ap. Non. 473, 27. -
6 prōgredior
prōgredior gressus, ī, dep. [pro+gradior], to come forth, go forth, go forward, go on, advance, proceed: regredi quam progredi malle: in locum iniquum, Cs.: ante signa, L.—Fig., to proceed, advance, go on, make progress: ad reliqua: defensor nihil progreditur, makes no headway: longius progredi, go on: videamus, quatenus amor in amicitiā progredi debeat: paulum aetate progressus, advanced in age: quo amentiae progressi sitis, L.* * *progredi, progressus sum V DEPgo, come forth, go forward, march forward; advance. proceed. make progress -
7 ante
ante adv. and praep. [ANT-]. I. Adv., of space, before, in front, forwards: ante aut post pugnandi ordo, L.: positum ante pullum Sustulit, served, H.: non ante, sed retro.—Usu. of time, before, previously: nonne oportuit Praescisse me ante, T.: fructus ante actae vitae: ante feci mentionem: ut ante dixi: ut saepe ante fecerant: non filius ante pudicus, hitherto, Iu.: multis ante saeculis, many centuries earlier: paucis ante diebus: biennio ante: paulo ante, a little while ago: ante aliquanto: tanto ante praedixeras.—Followed by quam, sooner than, before: ante quam ad sententiam redeo, dicam, etc.: memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus disserere: ante quam veniat in Pontum, mittet, etc.: ante... Ararim Parthus bibet... Quam... labatur, etc., V.: qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, vidit, etc.: ante vero quam sit ea res adlata: nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt, L. — Rarely with a subst: neque ignari sumus ante malorum, earlier ills, V.: prodere patriam ante satellitibus, to those who had been, etc., L.— II. Praep. with acc, before. —In space: ante ostium: ante fores, H.: ante aras, V. — Of persons: causam ante eum dicere, plead before his bar: ante ipsum Serapim: ante ora patrum, V.: ante oculos vestros: togati ante pedes, as servants, Iu.: equitatum ante se mittit, Cs.: ante signa progressus, L.—Fig.: pone illum ante oculos viam, recall: omnia sunt posita ante oculos, made clear. — Of esteem or rank, before: facundiā Graecos ante Romanos fuisse, S.: me ante Alexandrum... esse, superior to, L.: Iulus Ante annos animum gerens, superior to, V.: ante alios gratus erat tibi, more than, O.: (virgo) longe ante alios insignis specie, L.: felix ante alias virgo, V.: ante omnīs furor est insignis equarum, V.: longe ante alios acceptissimus militum animis, L.: maestitia ante omnia insignis, above all things, L.: dulces ante omnia Musae, V. — In time, before: ante brumam, T.: ante lucem venire: ante noctem, H.: ante lucernas, Iu.: ante me sententias dicere, S.: tot annis ante civitatem datam: ante id tempus duces erant, until, N.: neque umquam ante hunc diem, never till now, T.: iam ante Socratem, before the time of: qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini, before my time: Ante Iovem, V.: ante Helenam, H.: per hunc castissimum ante regiam iniuriam sanguinem iuro, L.: ante mare et terras, O.: ante cibum, H.: Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta, before learning ABC, Iu.: ante istum praetorem, before his praetorship: ante hanc urbem conditam, before the founding of this city: ante Epaminondam natum, N.: ante te cognitum, S.: ante conditam condendamve urbem, i. e. built or planned, L.—Poet., with gerund: (equi) ante domandum, before they are broken, V. — Esp. in phrases: factus est (consul) bis, primum ante tempus, before the lawful age: Filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos, before the destined time, O.: Sed misera ante diem, prematurely, V.: dies ante paucos, a few days sooner, L.: nobis ante quadrennium amissus est, four years ago, Ta.— Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number denotes the day of the month, reckoned inclusively, e. g., ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Aprilīs means, by our reckoning, the fourth day before the calends of April: ante diem XIII. Kalendas Ianuarias, the 20th of Dec.: ante diem quartum idūs Martias, the 3d day before the Ides of March, the 12th of March, L. — The entire phrase, as the name of the day, may be preceded by a praep: in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28th of Oct.* * *Ibefore, previously, first, before this, earlier; in front/advance of; forwardsIIin front/presence of, in view; before (space/time/degree); over against, facing -
8 habeō
habeō uī (old perf subj. habessit for habuerit, C.), itus, ēre [HAB-], to have, hold, support, carry, wear: arma: anulum: arma hic paries habebit, H.: coronam in capite: soccos et pallium: catenas: Faenum in cornu, H.: aquilam in exercitu, S.— To have, hold, contain: quod (fanum) habebat auri: non me Tartara habent, V.: quem quae sint habitura deorum Concilia, etc., V.: Quae regio Anchisen habet? V.: quod habet lex in se: suam (nutricem) cinis ater habebat, V.— To have, hold, occupy, inhabit: urbem, S.: arcem: quā Poeni haberent (sc. castra), L.: Hostis habet muros, V. —Of relation or association, to have: in matrimonio Caesenniam: eos in loco patrui: uxores: patrem: (legionem) secum, Cs.: apīs in iubā: mecum scribas: quibus vendant, habere, Cs.: conlegam in praeturā Sophoclem: civitates stipendiarias, Cs.: cognitum Scaevolam: inimicos civīs: duos amicissimos: eum nuptiis adligatum: quem pro quaestore habuit.— To have, be furnished with: voltum bonum, S.: pedes quinque: Angustos aditūs, V.: manicas, V.— To have, hold, keep, retain, detain: haec cum illis sunt habenda (opp. mittenda), T.: si quod accepit habet: Bibulum in obsidione, Cs.: in liberis custodiis haberi, S.: in vinculis habendi, S.: mare in potestate, Cs.: in custodiam habitus, lodged, L.: ordines, preserve, S.: alios in eā fortunā, ut, etc., L.: exercitus sine inperio habitus, S.: Marium post principia, station, S.: Loricam Donat habere viro, gives to keep, V.: inclusum senatum.—Of ownership or enjoyment, to have, own, possess, be master of: agros: Epicratis bona omnia: in Italiā fundum: quod non desit, H.: (divitias) honeste, enjoy, S.: (leges) in monumentis habemus, i. e. are extant: sibi hereditatem: illam suas res sibi habere iussit (the formula of divorcing a wife): in vestrā amicitiā divitias, S.: nos Amaryllis habet, has my love, V.: habeo, non habeor a Laide: habet in nummis, in praediis, is rich: ad habendum nihil satis esse: amor habendi, V.: Unde habeas, quaerit nemo, sed oportet habere, Iu.— To have, get, receive, obtain: a me vitam, fortunas: imperium a populo R.: habeat hoc praemi tua indignitas: granum ex provinciā: plus dapis, H.: Partem opere in tanto, a place, V.: graviter ferit atque ita fatur, Hoc habet, it reaches him, V.: certe captus est, habet! (i. e. volneratus est) T.— To find oneself, be, feel, be situated, be off, come off: se non graviter: bene habemus nos: praeclare se res habebat: quo pacto se habeat provincia: bene habent tibi principia, T.: bene habet, it is well: atqui Sic habet, H.: credin te inpune habiturum? escape punishment, T.: virtus aeterna habetur, abides, S.— To make, render: uti eos manifestos habeant, S.: pascua publica infesta, L.—With P. perf. pass., periphrast. for perf act.: vectigalia redempta, has brought in and holds, Cs.: domitas libidines: quae conlecta habent Stoici: de Caesare satis dictum: pericula consueta, S.: neque ea res falsum me habuit, S.: edita facinora, L.— To treat, use, handle: duriter se, T.: equitatu agmen adversariorum male, Cs.: exercitum luxuriose, S.: eos non pro vanis hostibus, sed liberaliter, S.: saucii maiore curā habiti, L.— To hold, direct, turn, keep: iter hac, T.: iter ad legiones, Cs.— To hold, pronounce, deliver, utter, make: orationem de ratione censoriā: contionem ad urbem: post habitam contionem: gratulationibus habendis celebramur: quae (querelae) apud me de illo habebantur: verba.— To hold, convene, conduct, cause to take place: comitia haberi siturus: senatum, Cs.: censum: Consilium summis de rebus, V.— To hold, govern, administer, manage, wield: rem p., S.: qui cultus habendo Sit pecori, V.: animus habet cuncta, neque ipse habetur, S.: aptat habendo Ensem, V.—Of rank or position, to hold, take, occupy: priores partīs Apud me, T.: Statum de tribus secundarium.—Fig., to have, have in mind, entertain, cherish, experience, exhibit, be actuated by: si quid consili Habet, T.: alienum animum a causā: tantum animi ad audaciam: plus animi quam consili: amorem in rem p.: in consilio fidem: gratiam, gratias habere; see gratia.— To have, have in mind, mean, wish, be able: haec habebam fere, quae te scire vellem, this was in substance what, etc.: haec habui de amicitiā quae dicerem: quod huic responderet, non habebat: haec fere dicere habui de, etc.: illud adfirmare pro certo habeo, L.—Prov.: quā digitum proferat non habet.—With P. fut. pass., to have, be bound: utrumne de furto dicendum habeas, Ta.: si nunc primum statuendum haberemus, Ta. — To have, have in mind, know, be acquainted with, be informed of: regis matrem habemus, ignoramus patrem: habes consilia nostra, such are: In memoriā habeo, I remember, T.: age, si quid habes, V.—With in animo, to have in mind, purpose, intend, be inclined: rogavi, ut diceret quid haberet in animo: istum exheredare in animo habebat: hoc (flumen) transire, Cs.: bello eum adiuvare, L. — To have in mind, hold, think, believe, esteem, regard, look upon: neque vos neque deos in animo, S.: haec habitast soror, T.: alquos magno in honore, Cs.: Iunium (mensem) in metu, be afraid of: omnīs uno ordine Achivos, all alike, V.: hi numero inpiorum habentur, Cs.: quem nefas habent nominare: deos aeternos: habitus non futtilis auctor, V.: cum esset habendus rex: non nauci augurem: cuius auctoritas magni haberetur, Cs.: id pro non dicto habendum, L.: sic habeto, non esse, etc.: non necesse habeo dicere: eam rem habuit religioni, a matter of conscience: ludibrio haberi, T.: duritiam voluptati, regard as pleasure, S.— To have, have received, have acquired, have made, have incurred: a me beneficia, Cs.: tantos progressūs in Stoicis.—With satis, to have enough, be content, be satisfied: sat habeo, T.: a me satis habent, tamen plus habebunt: non satis habitum est, quaeri, etc.— To have, be characterized by, exercise, practise: salem, T.: habet hoc virtus, ut, etc., this is characteristic of merit: locus nihil habet religionis: celerem motum, Cs.: neque modum neque modestiam, S.: silentium haberi iussit, observed, S.: habebat hoc Caesar, quem cognorat, etc., this was Caesar's way: ornamenta dicendi.— To have, involve, bring, render, occasion, produce, excite: primus adventus equitatūs habuit interitum: habet amoenitas ipsa inlecebras: latrocinia nullam habent infamiam, Cs.— To hold, keep, occupy, engage, busy, exercise, inspire: hoc male habet virum, vexes, T.: animalia somnus habebat, V.: sollicitum te habebat cogitatio periculi: Qui (metus) maior absentīs habet, H.— To take, accept, bear, endure: eas (iniurias) gravius aequo, S.: aegre filium id ausum, L.— To keep, reserve, conceal: Non clam me haberet quod, etc., T.: secreto hoc audi, tecum habeto.— To keep, spend, pass: adulescentiam, S.: aetatem procul a re p., S.—With rem, to have to do, be intimate: quocum uno rem habebam, T.* * *habere, habui, habitus Vhave, hold, consider, think, reason; manage, keep; spend/pass (time) -
9 idcircō or iccircō
idcircō or iccircō adv. [id-+abl. of circus], on that account, for that reason, therefore. neque idcirco minus, sed pariter incedere, S.: data venia est poëtis; idcircone vager? H.: Sed non idcirco posuere, etc., for all that, V.: idcirco arcessor, quod, etc., T.: quia videbat, idcirco longius progressus est: non, si... idcirco, etc.: idcirco venisti, ut, etc.: idcirco videlicet, ne condemnaretur: idcirco Ambitiosa, ut dona Indueret, O. -
10 incessus
incessus ūs, m [1 in+1 CAD-], a going, walking, pace, gait: Seplasiā dignus: citus, tardus, S.: vera incessu patuit dea, V.: incessum fingere: Turbonis in armis, H.: morbum incessu fateri, Iu.: tot hominum iumentorumque incessu dilapsa est (nix), tread, L.: incessu tacito progressus, step, V.: Exprimit incessūs, peculiarities of gait, O.— An advance, approach: sacerdotes incessu furiali militem turbaverunt, L.: incessūs hostis claudere, Ta.—An attack, hostile approach: Parthorum, Ta.* * *walking; advance; procession -
11 regressus
regressus ūs, m [re-+GRAD-], a going back, return, regress: conservare progressūs et regressūs constantes: regressūs dare viro, O.: Funditus occidimus neque habet Fortuna regressum, V.— A retreat: in tuto, L.—Fig., a return, retreat, regress: neque locus regressūs ab irā relictus esset, L.* * *going back, return -
12 sōcordia
sōcordia ae, f [socors], dulness, carelessness, negligence, sloth, laziness, indolence, inactivity (only sing.): nil locist socordiae, T.: socordiā torpescere, S.: nostrā socordiā iam huc progressus, L.: nisi felicitas in socordiam vertisset, Ta.: Darei, Cu.* * *sluggishness, torpor, inaction -
13 antecessio
antĕcessĭo, ōnis, f. [antecedo].I. II.That which goes before, the antecedent cause, as opp. to the final cause (perh. only in Cic.): homo causas rerum videt earumque progressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, and understands their course forwards and backwards, i. e. can reason from cause to effect and from effect to cause, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:consecutio, antecessio, repugnantia,
id. Top. 13. -
14 Asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
15 asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
16 asperum
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4. -
17 audeo
audĕo, ausus, 2, v. a. and n. ( perf. ausi = ausus sum, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 868 P.; hence freq. in the poets, and prose writers modelled after them, subj. sync. ausim, Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 45; 5, 2, 65; Lucr. 2, 178; 5, 196; Verg. E. 3, 32; id. G. 2, 289; Tib. 4, 1, 193; Prop. 2, 5, 24; 3, 12, 21; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 1; Stat. Th. 1, 18; 3, 165; id. Achill. 2, 266; Liv. praef. 1; Plin. Ep. 4, 4 fin.; Tac. Agr. 43: ausis, Att. ap. Non. p. 4, 62; Lucr. 2, 982; 4, 508; 5, 730; 6, 412; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.:(α).ausit,
Cat. 61, 65; 61, 70; 61, 75; 66, 28; Ov. M. 6, 466; Stat. Th. 12, 101; id. Achill. 1, 544; Liv. 5, 3 fin.:* ausint,
Stat. Th. 11, 126; cf. Prisc l. l.; Struve, p. 175 sq.; Ramsh. Gr. p. 140; Neue, Formenl. II. pp. 333 sq., 542, 547 sq. al.) [acc. to Pott, for avideo from avidus, pr. to be eager about something, to have spirit or courage for it; v. 1. aveo], to venture, to venture to do, to dare; to be bold, courageous (with the idea of courage, boldness; while conari designates a mere attempt, an undertaking; syn.: conor, molior); constr. with acc., inf., quin, in with acc. or abl., and absol.With acc. (mostly in poets and histt., esp. in Tac.):(β).Quā audaciā tantum facinus audet?
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 37; so,ut pessimum facinus auderent,
Tac. H. 1, 28; 2, 85; Suet. Calig. 49: quid domini faciant, audent cum talia furesl Verg. E. 3, 16:ausum talia deposcunt,
Ov. M. 1, 199; 13, 244:capitalem fraudem ausi,
Liv. 23, 14; 3, 2; 26, 40; Vell. 2, 24, 5:erant qui id flagitium formidine auderent,
Tac. A. 1, 69:ausuros nocturnam castrorum oppugnationem,
id. ib. 2, 12; 4, 49; 11, 9; 12, 28; 14, 25; id. H. 1, 48; 2, 25; 2, 69;4, 15 al.: ad audendum aliquid concitāsset, nisi etc.,
Suet. Caes. 8; 19; id. Tib. 37; id. Tit. 8; Just. 5, 9 al.; hence also pass.:multa dolo, pleraque per vim audebantur,
Liv. 39, 8 fin.:auderi adversus aliquem dimicare,
Nep. Milt. 4 fin.:agenda res est audendaque,
Liv. 35, 35, 6; Vell. 2, 56 fin.:patroni necem,
Suet. Dom. 14.—Also ausus, a, um, pass., Tac. A. 3, 67 fin. —With inf. (the usual constr.;* (γ).freq. both in prose and poetry): etiam audes meā revorti gratiā?
Plaut. Men. 4, 3, 23:Ecquid audes de tuo istuc addere?
do you undertake, venture upon? id. ib. 1, 2, 40:commovere me miser non audeo,
I venture not to stir, id. Truc. 4, 3, 44:Neque tibi quicquam dare ausim,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 65:nil jam muttire audeo,
id. And. 3, 2, 25; 3, 5, 7; id. Heaut. 5, 1, 80; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31:hoc ex ipsis caeli rationibus ausim confirmare,
Lucr. 5, 196:auderent credere gentes,
id. 2, 1036; 1, 68; by poet. license transf. to things: Vitigeni latices in aquaï fontibus audent Misceri, the juice from the vine ventures boldly to intermingle with the water, id. 6, 1072:Mithridates tantum victus efficere potuit, quantum incolumis numquam est ausus optare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 25:imperatorem deposcere,
id. ib. 5, 12: ut de Ligarii (facto) non audeam confiteril id. Lig. 3, 8: audeo dicere, I dare say, venture to assert, = tolmô legein, Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84 et saep.:qui pulsi loco cedere ausi erant,
Sall. C. 9, 4; 20, 3:quem tu praeponere no bis Audes,
Cat. 81, 6:refrenare licentiam,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 28:vana contemnere,
Liv. 9, 17, 9:mensuram prodere ausos,
Plin. 2, 1, 1, § 3 al.:non sunt ausi persequi recedentes,
Vulg. Gen. 35, 5; 44, 26; ib. Job, 29, 22; 37, 24; ib. Matt. 22, 46; ib. Act. 5, 13; ib. Rom. 5, 7 et persaepe.—With quin:(δ).ut non audeam, quin promam omnia,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 11.—With in with acc. or abl. (eccl. Lat.): Rogo vos ne praesens audeam in quosdam (Gr. epi tinas), Vulg. 2 Cor. 10, 2: In quo quis audet, audeo et ego (Gr. en ô), ib. 2 Cor. 11, 21.—(ε).Absol.:1.(Romani) audendo... magni facti,
Sall. H. Fragm. 4 (n. 12 fin. Gerl.):Nec nunc illi, quia audent, sed quia necesse est, pugnaturi sunt,
Liv. 21, 40, 7:in ejus modi consiliis periculosius esse deprehendi quam audere,
Tac. Agr. 15 fin.:duo itinera audendi (esse), seu mallet statim arma, seu etc.,
id. H. 4, 49:auctor ego audendi,
Verg. A. 12, 159:Nam spirat tragicum satis et feliciter audet,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 166.—With an object to be supplied from the context:hos vero novos magistros nihil intellegebam posse docere, nisi ut auderent (sc. dicere, orationes habere, etc.),
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 94; Quint. 10, 1, 33 Frotsch.; 1, 5, 72: Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem, rebus secundis longius ausuri (sc. progredi, to advance further), Tac. H. 5, 11: 2, 25, cf. Verg. A. 2, 347.— Hence, P. a.,audens, entis, daring, bold, intrepid, courageous; mostly in a good sense ( poet. or in post-Aug prose):2.tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95:audentes deus ipse juvat,
Ov. M. 10, 586; so id. A. A. 1, 608; id. F. 2, 782:spes audentior,
Val. Fl. 4, 284:nil gravius audenti quam ignavo patiendum esse,
Tac. A. 14, 58; id. H. 2, 2 audentissimi cujusque procursu. id. Agr. 33; id. Or. 14 al.— Adv.: audenter, boldly, fearlessly, rashly: liceat audenter dicere, — Vulg Act. 2, 29; Dig. 28, 2, 29 fin. — Comp.:audentius jam onerat Sejanum,
Tac. A. 4, 68 progressus, id. ib. 13, 40:circumsistere,
id. H. 2, 78:inrupere,
id. ib. 1, 79:agere fortius et audentius,
id. Or 18.— Sup prob not in use.—ausus, a, um, ventured, attempted, undertaken, hence subst.: au-sum, i, n., a daring attempt, a venture, an undertaking, enterprise ( poet. or in postAug. prose; acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 351, perh. not before Verg.):At tibi pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis,
Verg. A. 2, 535; 12, 351:fortia ausa,
id. ib. 9, 281:ingentibus annuat ausis,
Ov. M. 7, 178; 2, 328; 11, 12; 9, 621; 10, 460; 11, 242; id. H. 14, 49 al.; Stat. Th. 4, 368:ausum improbum,
Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 147. -
18 catena
cătēna, ae, f. (once with num. distrib. as piur. tantum:I.trinis catenis vinctus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 53) [Sanscr. kat, to fall away; cf. catax].A wooden bracket, brace, etc., for holding two beams together, Cato, R. R. 18, 9; Vitr. 7, 3; Pall. 1, 3, 1.—II. A.Used as a fetter, shackle, etc.; usu. in plur. (syn. vincula):2.catenis vincire aliquem,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 3; Ov. M. 15, 601 al.:catenas indere alicui,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 3:in catenas conicere aliquem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 47; Liv. 29, 21, 2:catenas inicere alicui,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 106:in catenis aliquem Romam mittere,
Liv. 29, 21, 12:in catenis aliquem per urbem ducere,
id. 45, 40, 6:eximere se ex catenis,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 8:rumpere catenas,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 71:catenas alicui exsolvere,
Tac. H. 3, 31 al. —In sing., Liv. 24, 34, 10; Cat. 64, 297; Verg. A. 6, 558; Hor. S. 1, 5, 65; Curt. 4, 3, 22; 7, 5, 36; Tac. A. 4, 28; 6, 14; Suet. Aug. 94; Sen. Ep. 9, 8; Plin. 34, 15, 43, § 150.—Of a chain stopping the entrance of a harbor:3.catena ferrea valde robusta,
Amm. 26, 8, 8.—Trop., a constraint, fetter, barrier, bond:B.taetra belua, constricta legum sacratarum catenis,
Cic. Sest. 7, 16:compesce animum frenis, catenā,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 63:validā teneamur catenā,
Tib. 4, 5, 15; 4, 1, 117:splendidiore nunc eos catenā sed multo graviore vinctos esse, quam cum, etc.,
Liv. 35, 38, 10:qui ad superiora progressus est.. laxam catenam trahit nondum liber,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 16, 3; id. Tranq. 10, 3.—A chain of gold or silver worn by women as an ornament, Plin. 33, 3, 12, § 40; Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 84.—C.A series of things connected together, a chain, series, Lucr. 6, 910 (but id. 2, 630, is a false reading for quod armis; v. Lachm.).—D.Trop.:(praecepta oratoria) in catenas ligare,
Quint. 5, 14, 32. -
19 ecfacio
ef-fĭcĭo ( ecfacio), fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj. effexis, Plaut. As. 3, 5, 63; id. Poen. 1, 3, 19; inf. pass. ecfiĕri, id. Pers. 5, 1, 9; Lucr. 6, 761), v. a., to make out, work out; hence, to bring to pass, to effect, execute, complete, accomplish, make, form (very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).I.In gen.(α).With acc.:(β).male quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id ecficere perpetrat,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12 sq.; cf. id. Pers. 5, 1, 9; Caes. B. C. 1, 36 fin.; 1, 61, 2:magna facinora,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 16; so,facinora,
Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 109; cf.opus,
id. ib. 4, 1, 6; Plaut. Truc. 5, 17; Caes. B. G. 4, 18, 1; 7, 35, 4 et saep.:pontem,
id. ib. 6, 6, 1; id. B. C. 1, 40, 1; 1, 62 fin.:ligneas turres, tormenta,
id. ib. 3, 9, 3; 3, 39 fin.:castella,
id. ib. 3, 44, 3:panes ex hoc (genere radicis),
id. ib. 3, 48, 3:sphaeram (Archimedes),
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:columnam,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 56 et saep.:Mosa insulam efficit Batavorum,
Caes. B. G. 4, 10, 2; id. ib. § 4; id. B. C. 3, 40, 4; cf.:portum (insula),
id. ib. 3, 112, 2; Verg. A. 1, 160:magnum numerum cratium, scalarum, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 81, 1:aliquid dignum dono deorum,
Cic. Rep. 3, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 26, 120:civitatem,
id. Rep. 2, 30; cf. id. ib. 3, 32:varios concentus, septem sonos,
id. ib. 6, 18:magnas rerum commutationes,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68, 1:tantos progressus,
Cic. Brut. 78, 272:clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3 et saep.:XIII. cohortes,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15, 5; cf.:delectu habito duas legiones,
id. ib. 1, 31, 2:unam ex duabus (legionibus),
id. ib. 3, 89, 1:ad duo milia ferme boum,
Liv. 22, 16 et saep.:lepide meum officium,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 1 sq.; cf.:nostra munia,
id. Stich. 5, 4, 13:munus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 46 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 5, 16:nuptias alicui,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 16:aurum alicui,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 55; cf. id. Poen. 1, 1, 57; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 23:hanc mulierem tibi,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 110 et saep.:quod a Curione effeceram,
had procured, obtained, Cic. Att. 10, 10:amor mores hominum moros et morosos ecficit,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 43.—With two accs.:fortuna eos efficit caecos, quos complexa est,
Cic. Lael. 15, 54; id. Off. 1, 1, 2; id. Rep. 2, 42; Caes. B. G. 3, 24 fin. et saep.; cf.:hunc (montem) murus circumdatus arcem efficit,
id. ib. 1, 38, 6:aliquem consulem,
Cic. Lael. 20, 73:aliquem dictatorem,
id. Att. 15, 21; cf.also: quae res immani corporum magnitudine homines efficit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 9; and:id (genus radicis) ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48, 1.—With ut:(γ).eniti et efficere, ut, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 16, 59; id. Rep. 1, 20; 3, 31; Caes. B. G. 2, 5, 5; 2, 17, 4 et saep.; cf.:hoc si efficiam plane, ut, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 62:si id efficere non posset, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 50, 3:neque polliceor me effecturum, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 24 fin. —Ellips. of ut:effice, di coëamus in unum,
Ov. F. 3, 683.—With ne (rare):(δ).efficio ne cui molesti sint publicani,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16:qui efficiant, ne quid inter privatum et magistratum differat,
id. Rep. 1, 43, 67; id. Fin. 4, 4, 10; Liv. 8, 7, 6:efficiam, posthac ne quemquam voce lacessas,
Verg. E. 3, 51; Dig. 3, 3, 78; cf.:aliquem or aliquid, ne, etc.,
ib. 19, 2, 35; Quint. 3, 6, 102; 8, 3, 20.—With quominus (very seldom), Lucr. 1, 977; Quint. 11, 1, 48; Dig. 49, 14, [p. 630] 29; so with quo magis:(ε).saevitia collegae quo is magis ingenio suo gauderet effecit,
Liv. 2, 60, 1.—With obj. acc. and inf. (very rare, and not ante-Aug.):(ζ).vehementer efficit ea coire, etc.,
Vitr. 2, 6; Dig. 38, 2, 14, § 8; 47, 11, 10.—Absol. (freq. and class.):II.si effecero, Dabin' mihi argentum?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 121; cf. id. ib. 4, 1, 39 sq.; 4, 8, 5; id. Pers. 1, 3, 87; Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 2 et saep.:se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem referre,
Cic. Rep. 5, 3.In partic.A.In econom. lang., to produce, bear, yield:B.(ager Leontinus) plurimum efficit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.; cf.:ager efficit cum octavo, cum decumo,
id. ib. 2, 3, 47:si (vineae) centenos sestertios in singula jugera efficiant,
Col. 3, 3, 3:cum matres binae ternos haedos efficiunt,
id. 7, 6, 7.— Transf. to persons:liciti sunt usque eo, quoad se efficere posse arbitrabantur,
i. e. to make a profit, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33 fin. —Of numbers, to make out, yield, amount to a certain sum:C.ea (tributa) vix, in fenus Pompeii quod satis sit, efficiunt,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3 (cf. shortly before:nec id satis efficit [al. efficitur] in usuram menstruam),
Plin. 6, 33, 38, § 206; cf. ib. § 209; Col. 5, 2, 6; 8 sq.—In philos. lang., to make out, show, prove (with acc. and inf., ut, ne, or absol.):1.quod proposuit efficit, Cic. Par. prooem. § 2: in quibus (libris) vult efficere animos esse mortales,
id. Tusc. 1, 31 fin. —In the pass. impers.: efficitur, it follows (from something):ita efficitur, ut omne corpus mortale sit,
id. N. D. 3, 12, 30:ex quo efficitur, hominem naturae obedientem homini nocere non posse,
id. Tusc. 3, 5, 25; cf.:ex quo illud efficitur, ne justos quidem esse natura,
id. Rep. 3, 11:quid igitur efficitur?
what follows from that? id. ib. 3, 12.—Hence,effĭcĭens, entis, P. a.A.Adj., effecting, effective, efficient. —In philos. lang.:B.proximus est locus rerum efficientium, quae causae appellantur: deinde rerum effectarum ab efficientibus causis,
Cic. Top. 14 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 1, 6, 24; id. Fin. 3, 16, 55; id. Div. 1, 55, 125; id. Fat. 14, 33; Quint. 5, 10, 86. —Subst., with gen.: virtus efficiens utilitatis, the producer = effectrix, Cic. Off. 3, 3, 12; so,voluptatis (virtus),
id. ib. 3, 33; cf.:ea, quae sunt luxuriosis efficientia voluptatum,
id. Fin. 2, 7, 21; and:(causae) efficientes pulcherrimarum rerum,
id. Univ. 14 fin. —* Adv.: effĭcĭenter, efficiently (for which in the post-Aug. per., efficaciter):2.ut id ei causa sit, quod cuique efficienter antecedat,
Cic. Fat. 15, 34.—effectus, a, um, P. a., worked out, i. e.A.Effected, completed:B.una (materia) diligenter effecta plus proderit quam plures inchoatae et quasi degustatae,
Quint. 10, 5, 23; cf. id. 5, 13, 34; 8, 3, 88.—In the comp.:aliquid nitidius atque effectius,
Quint. 12, 10, 45.—Effected, in philos. lang. (opp. causa efficiens), Cic. Top. 18; cf.a.res,
id. ib. 4; 14 fin.; and subst.: effectum, i, n., an effect, id. ib. 3; Quint. 6, 3, 66; 5, 10, 94. — Adv.: effecte.Effectively, in fact, Mart. 2, 27, 3; Amm. 16, 5, 7.—b. -
20 effectum
ef-fĭcĭo ( ecfacio), fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj. effexis, Plaut. As. 3, 5, 63; id. Poen. 1, 3, 19; inf. pass. ecfiĕri, id. Pers. 5, 1, 9; Lucr. 6, 761), v. a., to make out, work out; hence, to bring to pass, to effect, execute, complete, accomplish, make, form (very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).I.In gen.(α).With acc.:(β).male quod mulier facere incepit, nisi id ecficere perpetrat,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 12 sq.; cf. id. Pers. 5, 1, 9; Caes. B. C. 1, 36 fin.; 1, 61, 2:magna facinora,
Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 16; so,facinora,
Cic. Phil. 2, 42, 109; cf.opus,
id. ib. 4, 1, 6; Plaut. Truc. 5, 17; Caes. B. G. 4, 18, 1; 7, 35, 4 et saep.:pontem,
id. ib. 6, 6, 1; id. B. C. 1, 40, 1; 1, 62 fin.:ligneas turres, tormenta,
id. ib. 3, 9, 3; 3, 39 fin.:castella,
id. ib. 3, 44, 3:panes ex hoc (genere radicis),
id. ib. 3, 48, 3:sphaeram (Archimedes),
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:columnam,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 56 et saep.:Mosa insulam efficit Batavorum,
Caes. B. G. 4, 10, 2; id. ib. § 4; id. B. C. 3, 40, 4; cf.:portum (insula),
id. ib. 3, 112, 2; Verg. A. 1, 160:magnum numerum cratium, scalarum, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 81, 1:aliquid dignum dono deorum,
Cic. Rep. 3, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 26, 120:civitatem,
id. Rep. 2, 30; cf. id. ib. 3, 32:varios concentus, septem sonos,
id. ib. 6, 18:magnas rerum commutationes,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68, 1:tantos progressus,
Cic. Brut. 78, 272:clamores et admirationes in bonis oratoribus,
id. de Or. 1, 33, 152; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3 et saep.:XIII. cohortes,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15, 5; cf.:delectu habito duas legiones,
id. ib. 1, 31, 2:unam ex duabus (legionibus),
id. ib. 3, 89, 1:ad duo milia ferme boum,
Liv. 22, 16 et saep.:lepide meum officium,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 1 sq.; cf.:nostra munia,
id. Stich. 5, 4, 13:munus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 46 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 5, 16:nuptias alicui,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 16:aurum alicui,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 55; cf. id. Poen. 1, 1, 57; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 23:hanc mulierem tibi,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 110 et saep.:quod a Curione effeceram,
had procured, obtained, Cic. Att. 10, 10:amor mores hominum moros et morosos ecficit,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 43.—With two accs.:fortuna eos efficit caecos, quos complexa est,
Cic. Lael. 15, 54; id. Off. 1, 1, 2; id. Rep. 2, 42; Caes. B. G. 3, 24 fin. et saep.; cf.:hunc (montem) murus circumdatus arcem efficit,
id. ib. 1, 38, 6:aliquem consulem,
Cic. Lael. 20, 73:aliquem dictatorem,
id. Att. 15, 21; cf.also: quae res immani corporum magnitudine homines efficit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 9; and:id (genus radicis) ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48, 1.—With ut:(γ).eniti et efficere, ut, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 16, 59; id. Rep. 1, 20; 3, 31; Caes. B. G. 2, 5, 5; 2, 17, 4 et saep.; cf.:hoc si efficiam plane, ut, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 62:si id efficere non posset, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 50, 3:neque polliceor me effecturum, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 24 fin. —Ellips. of ut:effice, di coëamus in unum,
Ov. F. 3, 683.—With ne (rare):(δ).efficio ne cui molesti sint publicani,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 16:qui efficiant, ne quid inter privatum et magistratum differat,
id. Rep. 1, 43, 67; id. Fin. 4, 4, 10; Liv. 8, 7, 6:efficiam, posthac ne quemquam voce lacessas,
Verg. E. 3, 51; Dig. 3, 3, 78; cf.:aliquem or aliquid, ne, etc.,
ib. 19, 2, 35; Quint. 3, 6, 102; 8, 3, 20.—With quominus (very seldom), Lucr. 1, 977; Quint. 11, 1, 48; Dig. 49, 14, [p. 630] 29; so with quo magis:(ε).saevitia collegae quo is magis ingenio suo gauderet effecit,
Liv. 2, 60, 1.—With obj. acc. and inf. (very rare, and not ante-Aug.):(ζ).vehementer efficit ea coire, etc.,
Vitr. 2, 6; Dig. 38, 2, 14, § 8; 47, 11, 10.—Absol. (freq. and class.):II.si effecero, Dabin' mihi argentum?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 121; cf. id. ib. 4, 1, 39 sq.; 4, 8, 5; id. Pers. 1, 3, 87; Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 2 et saep.:se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem referre,
Cic. Rep. 5, 3.In partic.A.In econom. lang., to produce, bear, yield:B.(ager Leontinus) plurimum efficit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.; cf.:ager efficit cum octavo, cum decumo,
id. ib. 2, 3, 47:si (vineae) centenos sestertios in singula jugera efficiant,
Col. 3, 3, 3:cum matres binae ternos haedos efficiunt,
id. 7, 6, 7.— Transf. to persons:liciti sunt usque eo, quoad se efficere posse arbitrabantur,
i. e. to make a profit, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33 fin. —Of numbers, to make out, yield, amount to a certain sum:C.ea (tributa) vix, in fenus Pompeii quod satis sit, efficiunt,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3 (cf. shortly before:nec id satis efficit [al. efficitur] in usuram menstruam),
Plin. 6, 33, 38, § 206; cf. ib. § 209; Col. 5, 2, 6; 8 sq.—In philos. lang., to make out, show, prove (with acc. and inf., ut, ne, or absol.):1.quod proposuit efficit, Cic. Par. prooem. § 2: in quibus (libris) vult efficere animos esse mortales,
id. Tusc. 1, 31 fin. —In the pass. impers.: efficitur, it follows (from something):ita efficitur, ut omne corpus mortale sit,
id. N. D. 3, 12, 30:ex quo efficitur, hominem naturae obedientem homini nocere non posse,
id. Tusc. 3, 5, 25; cf.:ex quo illud efficitur, ne justos quidem esse natura,
id. Rep. 3, 11:quid igitur efficitur?
what follows from that? id. ib. 3, 12.—Hence,effĭcĭens, entis, P. a.A.Adj., effecting, effective, efficient. —In philos. lang.:B.proximus est locus rerum efficientium, quae causae appellantur: deinde rerum effectarum ab efficientibus causis,
Cic. Top. 14 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 1, 6, 24; id. Fin. 3, 16, 55; id. Div. 1, 55, 125; id. Fat. 14, 33; Quint. 5, 10, 86. —Subst., with gen.: virtus efficiens utilitatis, the producer = effectrix, Cic. Off. 3, 3, 12; so,voluptatis (virtus),
id. ib. 3, 33; cf.:ea, quae sunt luxuriosis efficientia voluptatum,
id. Fin. 2, 7, 21; and:(causae) efficientes pulcherrimarum rerum,
id. Univ. 14 fin. —* Adv.: effĭcĭenter, efficiently (for which in the post-Aug. per., efficaciter):2.ut id ei causa sit, quod cuique efficienter antecedat,
Cic. Fat. 15, 34.—effectus, a, um, P. a., worked out, i. e.A.Effected, completed:B.una (materia) diligenter effecta plus proderit quam plures inchoatae et quasi degustatae,
Quint. 10, 5, 23; cf. id. 5, 13, 34; 8, 3, 88.—In the comp.:aliquid nitidius atque effectius,
Quint. 12, 10, 45.—Effected, in philos. lang. (opp. causa efficiens), Cic. Top. 18; cf.a.res,
id. ib. 4; 14 fin.; and subst.: effectum, i, n., an effect, id. ib. 3; Quint. 6, 3, 66; 5, 10, 94. — Adv.: effecte.Effectively, in fact, Mart. 2, 27, 3; Amm. 16, 5, 7.—b.
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Sauroctonus progressus — ? † Завроктон Sauroctonus parringtoni Научная классификация Царство: Животные Тип: Хордовые … Википедия
INQUISITIONIS origo et progressus — Christianam Religionem solâ quondam simplicitate venerandam, mox aggregau diversae Philosophiae Professores, suae quisque doctrinae placitis, tum Iudaei, Graeci, alii, patriis cerimoniis instruxêre; quo Maiestatem Sacrorum, haud frustra repertam … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Modi et Cursus Progressus — vystymosi būdai ir eiga statusas T sritis embriologija atitikmenys: lot. Modi et Cursus Progressus ryšiai: platesnis terminas – žinduolių vaisiaus plėvės siauresnis terminas – amniogenezė siauresnis terminas – įsiskverbimas siauresnis terminas –… … Medicininės histologijos ir embriologijos vardynas
Arctognathus progressus — … Википедия
Inostrancevia progressus — … Википедия
rerum progressus ostendunt multa, quae in initio praecaveri seu prsvideri non possunt — /riram pragresas astendant malta, kwiy in anish(iy)ow priykaviray s(y)uw priyvadiray non posant/ The progress of events shows many things which, at the beginning, could not be guarded against or foreseen … Black's law dictionary
progrès — [ prɔgrɛ ] n. m. • 1611; « développement » 1532; lat. progressus « action d avancer », de progredi « aller en avant » 1 ♦ Vx Mouvement en avant; action d avancer. ♢ Mod. Avance (d une troupe, d une armée). « Il marque, avec de petits drapeaux,… … Encyclopédie Universelle
ПРОГРЕСС — (лат. progressus движение вперед, успех) направление поступательного развития, для которого характерен переход от низшего к высшему, от менее совершенного к более совершенному. Идея прогрессивного развития вошла в науку как секуляризованная… … Философская энциклопедия
Sauroctonus — progressus Zeitraum Oberperm 260 bis 251 Mio. Jahre Fundorte Tatarstan (Russland) … Deutsch Wikipedia
Unendlicher Progress — (lat. progressus in infinitum, frz. progrès à l infini) ist eine in der Geschichte abendländischer Philosophie in unterschiedlicher Funktion gebrauchte Wendung, die sich auf einen nicht abschließbaren Prozess üblicherweise der theoretischen oder… … Deutsch Wikipedia
